Meine eigene Erfahrung in der Installation von Python und allen benötigten Paketen. Getestet auf Ubuntu 18.04 (nicht getestet auf 17.10). Ich könnte mich irren, weil ich kein Ubuntu-Spezialist bin.
Es ist besser, den Befehl apt
( apt-get
) anstelle des pip
Befehls zu verwenden, weil:
- apt wird nur auf Ubuntu-Paketen und Abhängigkeiten getestet.
- Der Befehl sudo apt update / upgrage hält die Pakete auf dem neuesten Stand.
- Wenn Sie Pakete für alle Benutzer Ihres Ubuntu-Systems installieren / aktualisieren möchten, nicht nur für Ihr eigenes lokales Konto.
- Wenn Sie Pakete für Ubuntu möchten, können diese auch vom Betriebssystem verwendet werden.
Für andere Versionen von Paketen sollte eine virtuelle Umgebung verwendet werden. Oder erstellen und testen Sie Pakete aus den Quellcodes (nur für Spezialisten).
Lösche nicht das aktuelle python3, sonst bricht Ubuntu OS ab.
# Refreshing the repositories
sudo apt update
# Update software
sudo apt upgrade
# Install Python and necessary packages.
# Install pip for 2.7 and then python 2.7 itself
sudo apt install python-pip
sudo apt install python2.7
# Install pip for 3.6
sudo apt install python3-pip
# Install currently supported by Ubuntu python 3.x version.
sudo apt install python3
# Don't delete current python3, otherwise Ubuntu OS will BROKE.
# Better don't install the newest versions 3.7, 3.8, 4.0, etc. on the whole OS (globally).
# This command works, but it's a bad idea to use it -- sudo apt install python3.7
# in this case import of numpy (import numpy) and other modules will fail for python3.7,
# because 3.6 is the current (global) python version for Ubuntu, not 3.7.
# Use "sudo apt install python3" not "sudo apt install python3.7" command for python 3.x installation.
# If you need 3.7 or newer, use local virtual environment.
# It's a bad idea to have several versions of python 3.x globally at the same time.
# Use only currently supported by Ubuntu python 3.x version globally. At this moment it is 3.6.
# Install numpy, scipy, matplotlib, scikit-learn, scikit-image,
# opencv with contributions, pandas, pillow, psutil, spur, cython,
#ipython, jupyter, git.
sudo apt install python-numpy
sudo apt install python3-numpy
sudo apt install python-scipy
sudo apt install python3-scipy
sudo apt install python-matplotlib
sudo apt install python3-matplotlib
sudo apt install python-sklearn
sudo apt install python3-sklearn
sudo apt install python-skimage
sudo apt install python3-skimage
sudo apt install python-opencv
sudo apt install python3-opencv
sudo apt install python-pandas
sudo apt install python3-pandas
sudo apt install python-pil
sudo apt install python3-pil
sudo apt install python-pil.imagetk # if the imageTk import doesn't work
sudo apt install python3-pil.imagetk # if the imageTk import doesn't work
sudo apt install python-psutil
sudo apt install python3-psutil
sudo apt install python-spur
sudo apt install python3-spur
sudo apt install cython
sudo apt install cython3
sudo apt install python-ipython
sudo apt install python3-ipython
sudo apt install ipython
sudo apt install ipython3
sudo apt install jupyter
sudo apt install git
# To have both python 2 and 3 available on jupyter
sudo apt install python-ipykernel
sudo apt install python3-ipykernel
# To check installed packages use commands
python
# and
python3
# Then type in python 2 or 3 console
import numpy
import scipy
import matplotlib
import sklearn
import skimage
exit()
# To check ipython
ipython
exit
ipython3
exit
# To check jupyter run
jupyter notebook
# and check both version of python 2 and 3 in "New" menu
# To remove package (don't remove python3 -- it'll broke your Ubuntu)
sudo apt purge --auto-remove packagename
# To search for the package:
apt search packagename
# Install PyCharm Community edition
sudo snap install pycharm-community --classic
# To check PyCharm installation enter:
pycharm-community