Beispielsweise:
operator bool() const
{
return col != 0;
}
col
ist ein int. Wie funktioniert das operator bool() const
?
Antworten:
Mitgliedsfunktionen des Formulars
operator TypeName()
sind Konvertierungsoperatoren. Sie ermöglichen die Verwendung von Objekten des Klassentyps, als wären sie vom Typ, TypeName
und wenn sie es sind, werden sie TypeName
mithilfe der Konvertierungsfunktion konvertiert .
In diesem speziellen Fall operator bool()
kann ein Objekt des Klassentyps so verwendet werden, als wäre es ein bool
. Wenn Sie beispielsweise ein Objekt des Klassentyps benannt haben obj
, können Sie es als verwenden
if (obj)
Dies ruft das auf operator bool()
, gibt das Ergebnis zurück und verwendet das Ergebnis als Bedingung für das if
.
Es sollte beachtet werden, dass dies operator bool()
eine sehr schlechte Idee ist und Sie sie wirklich niemals verwenden sollten. Eine ausführliche Erklärung, warum es schlecht ist, und eine Lösung für das Problem finden Sie unter "The Safe Bool Idiom".
(C ++ 0x, die bevorstehende Überarbeitung des C ++ - Standards, bietet Unterstützung für explizite Konvertierungsoperatoren. Auf diese Weise können Sie einen Safe schreiben explicit operator bool()
, der ordnungsgemäß funktioniert, ohne durch die Implementierung der Safe Bool-Redewendung springen zu müssen.)
bool
) ist, können Sie ihm keinen Wert zuweisen. Wenn es sich um einen veränderbaren Wert handelt (z. B. bool&
), können Sie ihn zuweisen. In Bezug auf die Korrektheit argumentiere ich, dass a operator bool()
immer falsch ist, weil es die Verwendung eines Objekts vom Klassentyp in einer Vielzahl von Situationen ermöglicht, in denen Sie es niemals verwenden möchten. Safe Bool ist eine weit überlegene Alternative.
explicit operator bool()
. Verstehe ich richtig?
operator bool() const
{
return col != 0;
}
Definiert, wie die Klasse in einen booleschen Wert konvertierbar ist. const
Nach dem ()
, mit dem angegeben wird, dass diese Methode nicht mutiert (ändern Sie die Mitglieder dieser Klasse).
Normalerweise verwenden Sie solche Operatoren wie folgt:
airplaysdk sdkInstance;
if (sdkInstance) {
std::cout << "Instance is active" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "Instance is in-active error!" << std::endl;
}
Ich würde gerne mehr Codes geben, um es klar zu machen.
struct A
{
operator bool() const { return true; }
};
struct B
{
explicit operator bool() const { return true; }
};
int main()
{
A a1;
if (a1) cout << "true" << endl; // OK: A::operator bool()
bool na1 = a1; // OK: copy-initialization selects A::operator bool()
bool na2 = static_cast<bool>(a1); // OK: static_cast performs direct-initialization
B b1;
if (b1) cout << "true" << endl; // OK: B::operator bool()
// bool nb1 = b1; // error: copy-initialization does not consider B::operator bool()
bool nb2 = static_cast<bool>(b1); // OK: static_cast performs direct-initialization
}
Es ist eine implizite Konvertierung zu bool
. Das heißt, wo immer implizite Konvertierungen zulässig sind, kann Ihre Klasse bool
durch Aufrufen dieser Methode konvertiert werden.
Wie die anderen gesagt haben, ist es für die Typkonvertierung, in diesem Fall in a bool
. Beispielsweise:
class A {
bool isItSafe;
public:
operator bool() const
{
return isItSafe;
}
...
};
Jetzt kann ich ein Objekt dieser Klasse so verwenden, als wäre es ein Boolescher Wert:
A a;
...
if (a) {
....
}
Beim Schreiben meines eigenen unique_ptr habe ich diesen Fall gefunden. Gegeben std::unique_ptr
istoperator==
:
template<class T1, class D1, class T2, class D2>
bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T1, D1>& x, const unique_ptr<T2, D2>& y);
template <class T, class D>
bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept;
template <class T, class D>
bool operator==(nullptr_t, const unique_ptr<T, D>& x) noexcept;
Und dieser Testfall von libstdcxx :
std::unique_ptr<int> ptr;
if (ptr == 0)
{ }
if (0 == ptr)
{ }
if (ptr != 0)
{ }
if (0 != ptr)
{ }
Beachten Sie, dass ptr
das ein hat explicit operator bool() const noexcept;
, also hier gut operator overload resolution
funktioniert, zB ptr == 0
wählt
template <class T, class D>
bool operator==(const unique_ptr<T, D>& x, nullptr_t) noexcept;`.
Wenn es keine hat explicit
Schlüsselwort hier, ptr
in ptr == 0
wird in umgewandelt werden bool
, dann bool
wird in umgewandelt werden int
, da bool operator==(int, int)
ist eingebaut und 0
istint
. Was auf uns wartet, ist ein mehrdeutiger Überlastungsauflösungsfehler.
Hier ist ein minimales, vollständiges und überprüfbares Beispiel :
#include <cstddef>
struct A
{
constexpr A(std::nullptr_t) {}
operator bool()
{
return true;
}
};
constexpr bool operator ==(A, A) noexcept
{
return true;
}
constexpr bool operator ==(A, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
{
return true;
}
constexpr bool operator ==(std::nullptr_t, A) noexcept
{
return true;
}
int main()
{
A a1(nullptr);
A a2(0);
a1 == 0;
}
gcc :
prog.cc: In function 'int main()':
prog.cc:30:8: error: ambiguous overload for 'operator==' (operand types are 'A' and 'int')
30 | a1 == 0;
| ~~ ^~ ~
| | |
| A int
prog.cc:30:8: note: candidate: 'operator==(int, int)' <built-in>
30 | a1 == 0;
| ~~~^~~~
prog.cc:11:16: note: candidate: 'constexpr bool operator==(A, A)'
11 | constexpr bool operator ==(A, A) noexcept
| ^~~~~~~~
prog.cc:16:16: note: candidate: 'constexpr bool operator==(A, std::nullptr_t)'
16 | constexpr bool operator ==(A, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
| ^~~~~~~~
klirren :
prog.cc:30:8: error: use of overloaded operator '==' is ambiguous (with operand types 'A' and 'int')
a1 == 0;
~~ ^ ~
prog.cc:16:16: note: candidate function
constexpr bool operator ==(A, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
^
prog.cc:11:16: note: candidate function
constexpr bool operator ==(A, A) noexcept
^
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, int)
a1 == 0;
^
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(int, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(float, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(double, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long double, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__float128, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(long long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(__int128, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned int, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned long long, unsigned __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, float)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, long double)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, __float128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, __int128)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned int)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned long long)
prog.cc:30:8: note: built-in candidate operator==(unsigned __int128, unsigned __int128)
1 error generated.
Eine weitere häufige Verwendung besteht darin, dass Standardcontainer einen Gleichheitsvergleich für Schlüsselwerte in benutzerdefinierten Objekten durchführen
class Foo
{
public: int val;
};
class Comparer { public:
bool operator () (Foo& a, Foo&b) const {
return a.val == b.val;
};
class Blah
{
std::set< Foo, Comparer > _mySet;
};
operator ()
nicht operator bool
. Sie sind völlig anders. operator ()
ist der Aufrufoperator, so dass a Comparer
als Funktion aufgerufen werden kann. Das operator ()
kehrt einfach zurück bool
, aber das macht es nicht dasselbe wie operator bool
, was einfach eine implizite Besetzung ermöglicht bool
.