Ich bin an die klassische OOP wie in Java gewöhnt.
Was sind die Best Practices für OOP in JavaScript mit NodeJS?
Jede Klasse ist eine Datei mit module.export
?
Wie erstelle ich Klassen?
this.Class = function() {
//constructor?
var privateField = ""
this.publicField = ""
var privateMethod = function() {}
this.publicMethod = function() {}
}
(Ich bin mir nicht mal sicher, ob es richtig ist)
this.Class = {
privateField: ""
, privateMethod: function() {}
, return {
publicField: ""
publicMethod: function() {}
}
}
vs.
this.Class = function() {}
this.Class.prototype.method = function(){}
...
Wie würde die Vererbung funktionieren?
Gibt es spezielle Module zur Implementierung von OOP in NodeJS?
Ich finde tausend verschiedene Wege, um Dinge zu erschaffen, die OOP ähneln. Aber ich habe keine Ahnung, was der am häufigsten verwendete / praktische / saubere Weg ist.
Bonusfrage : Was ist der empfohlene "OOP-Stil" für MongooseJS? (Kann ein MongooseJS-Dokument als Klasse und als Modell als Instanz verwendet werden?)
BEARBEITEN
Hier ist ein Beispiel in JsFiddle. Bitte geben Sie Feedback.
//http://javascriptissexy.com/oop-in-javascript-what-you-need-to-know/
function inheritPrototype(childObject, parentObject) {
var copyOfParent = Object.create(parentObject.prototype)
copyOfParent.constructor = childObject
childObject.prototype = copyOfParent
}
//example
function Canvas (id) {
this.id = id
this.shapes = {} //instead of array?
console.log("Canvas constructor called "+id)
}
Canvas.prototype = {
constructor: Canvas
, getId: function() {
return this.id
}
, getShape: function(shapeId) {
return this.shapes[shapeId]
}
, getShapes: function() {
return this.shapes
}
, addShape: function (shape) {
this.shapes[shape.getId()] = shape
}
, removeShape: function (shapeId) {
var shape = this.shapes[shapeId]
if (shape)
delete this.shapes[shapeId]
return shape
}
}
function Shape(id) {
this.id = id
this.size = { width: 0, height: 0 }
console.log("Shape constructor called "+id)
}
Shape.prototype = {
constructor: Shape
, getId: function() {
return this.id
}
, getSize: function() {
return this.size
}
, setSize: function (size) {
this.size = size
}
}
//inheritance
function Square(id, otherSuff) {
Shape.call(this, id) //same as Shape.prototype.constructor.apply( this, arguments ); ?
this.stuff = otherSuff
console.log("Square constructor called "+id)
}
inheritPrototype(Square, Shape)
Square.prototype.getSize = function() { //override
return this.size.width
}
function ComplexShape(id) {
Shape.call(this, id)
this.frame = null
console.log("ComplexShape constructor called "+id)
}
inheritPrototype(ComplexShape, Shape)
ComplexShape.prototype.getFrame = function() {
return this.frame
}
ComplexShape.prototype.setFrame = function(frame) {
this.frame = frame
}
function Frame(id) {
this.id = id
this.length = 0
}
Frame.prototype = {
constructor: Frame
, getId: function() {
return this.id
}
, getLength: function() {
return this.length
}
, setLength: function (length) {
this.length = length
}
}
/////run
var aCanvas = new Canvas("c1")
var anotherCanvas = new Canvas("c2")
console.log("aCanvas: "+ aCanvas.getId())
var aSquare = new Square("s1", {})
aSquare.setSize({ width: 100, height: 100})
console.log("square overridden size: "+aSquare.getSize())
var aComplexShape = new ComplexShape("supercomplex")
var aFrame = new Frame("f1")
aComplexShape.setFrame(aFrame)
console.log(aComplexShape.getFrame())
aCanvas.addShape(aSquare)
aCanvas.addShape(aComplexShape)
console.log("Shapes in aCanvas: "+Object.keys(aCanvas.getShapes()).length)
anotherCanvas.addShape(aCanvas.removeShape("supercomplex"))
console.log("Shapes in aCanvas: "+Object.keys(aCanvas.getShapes()).length)
console.log("Shapes in anotherCanvas: "+Object.keys(anotherCanvas.getShapes()).length)
console.log(aSquare instanceof Shape)
console.log(aComplexShape instanceof Shape)
prototype
Kette . Und nein, Objekt unterstützt keine " privaten " Mitglieder. Dies können nur Closures bieten, obwohl Module / Skripte in Node.js als Closures implementiert sind.