Während die obige Antwort wahrscheinlich gut funktioniert (ich habe es nicht ausprobiert :)), muss ich oft viel mehr Tests ausführen, damit ich selbst keine Tests einspritze. Ich werde es () Fälle in Beschreibungsblöcke gruppieren und meine Injektion in einem beforeEach () oder beforeAll () in jedem Beschreibungsblock ausführen.
Robert hat auch insofern Recht, als er sagt, dass Sie den Angular $ -Injektor verwenden müssen, um die Tests auf den Service oder die Fabrik aufmerksam zu machen. Angular verwendet diesen Injektor selbst auch in Ihren Anwendungen, um der Anwendung mitzuteilen, was verfügbar ist. Es kann jedoch an mehr als einer Stelle aufgerufen werden, und es kann auch implizit statt explizit aufgerufen werden. Sie werden feststellen, dass in meiner Beispielspezifikationstestdatei unten der Block beforeEach () implizit den Injektor aufruft , um Dinge zur Verfügung zu stellen, die innerhalb der Tests zugewiesen werden können.
Zurück zum Gruppieren von Dingen und Verwenden von Vorblöcken, hier ein kleines Beispiel. Ich mache einen Cat-Service und möchte ihn testen. Daher würde meine einfache Einrichtung zum Schreiben und Testen des Service folgendermaßen aussehen:
app.js.
var catsApp = angular.module('catsApp', ['ngMockE2E']);
angular.module('catsApp.mocks', [])
.value('StaticCatsData', function() {
return [{
id: 1,
title: "Commando",
name: "Kitty MeowMeow",
score: 123
}, {
id: 2,
title: "Raw Deal",
name: "Basketpaws",
score: 17
}, {
id: 3,
title: "Predator",
name: "Noseboops",
score: 184
}];
});
catsApp.factory('LoggingService', ['$log', function($log) {
// Private Helper: Object or String or what passed
// for logging? Let's make it String-readable...
function _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff) {
var message = "";
if (typeof stuff !== "string") {
message = JSON.stringify(stuff)
} else {
message = stuff;
}
return message;
}
/**
* @summary
* Write a log statement for debug or informational purposes.
*/
var write = function(stuff) {
var log_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
$log.log(log_msg);
}
/**
* @summary
* Write's an error out to the console.
*/
var error = function(stuff) {
var err_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
$log.error(err_msg);
}
return {
error: error,
write: write
};
}])
catsApp.factory('CatsService', ['$http', 'LoggingService', function($http, Logging) {
/*
response:
data, status, headers, config, statusText
*/
var Success_Callback = function(response) {
Logging.write("CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!");
return {"status": status, "data": data};
}
var Error_Callback = function(response) {
Logging.error("CatsService::getAllCats()::Error!");
return {"status": status, "data": data};
}
var allCats = function() {
console.log('# Cats.allCats()');
return $http.get('/cats')
.then(Success_Callback, Error_Callback);
}
return {
getAllCats: allCats
};
}]);
var CatsController = function(Cats, $scope) {
var vm = this;
vm.cats = [];
// ========================
/**
* @summary
* Initializes the controller.
*/
vm.activate = function() {
console.log('* CatsCtrl.activate()!');
// Get ALL the cats!
Cats.getAllCats().then(
function(litter) {
console.log('> ', litter);
vm.cats = litter;
console.log('>>> ', vm.cats);
}
);
}
vm.activate();
}
CatsController.$inject = ['CatsService', '$scope'];
catsApp.controller('CatsCtrl', CatsController);
Spezifikation: Cats Controller
'use strict';
describe('Unit Tests: Cats Controller', function() {
var $scope, $q, deferred, $controller, $rootScope, catsCtrl, mockCatsData, createCatsCtrl;
beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));
var catsServiceMock;
beforeEach(inject(function(_$q_, _$controller_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
$q = _$q_;
$controller = _$controller_;
deferred = $q.defer();
mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();
// ToDo:
// Put catsServiceMock inside of module "catsApp.mocks" ?
catsServiceMock = {
getAllCats: function() {
// Just give back the data we expect.
deferred.resolve(mockCatsData);
// Mock the Promise, too, so it can run
// and call .then() as expected
return deferred.promise;
}
};
}));
// Controller MOCK
var createCatsController;
// beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, FakeCatsService) {
beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, CatsService) {
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
$scope = $rootScope.$new();
createCatsController = function() {
return $controller('CatsCtrl', {
'$scope': $scope,
CatsService: catsServiceMock
});
};
}));
// ==========================
it('should have NO cats loaded at first', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
expect(catsCtrl.cats).toBeDefined();
expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toEqual(0);
});
it('should call "activate()" on load, but only once', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);
// *** For some reason, Auto-Executing init functions
// aren't working for me in Plunkr?
// I have to call it once manually instead of relying on
// $scope creation to do it... Sorry, not sure why.
catsCtrl.activate();
$rootScope.$digest(); // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.
expect(catsCtrl.activate).toBeDefined();
expect(catsCtrl.activate).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(catsCtrl.activate.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
// Test/Expect additional conditions for
// "Yes, the controller was activated right!"
// (A) - there is be cats
expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
// (B) - there is be cats SUCH THAT
// can haz these properties...
it('each cat will have a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);
// *** and again...
catsCtrl.activate();
$rootScope.$digest(); // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.
var names = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
var titles = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
var scores = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.score; })
expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
});
});
Spezifikation: Cats Service
'use strict';
describe('Unit Tests: Cats Service', function() {
var $scope, $rootScope, $log, cats, logging, $httpBackend, mockCatsData;
beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));
describe('has a method: getAllCats() that', function() {
beforeEach(inject(function($q, _$rootScope_, _$httpBackend_, _$log_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
$httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
// We don't want to test the resolving of *actual data*
// in a unit test.
// The "proper" place for that is in Integration Test, which
// is basically a unit test that is less mocked - you test
// the endpoints and responses and APIs instead of the
// specific service behaviors.
mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();
// For handling Promises and deferrals in our Service calls...
var deferred = $q.defer();
deferred.resolve(mockCatsData); // always resolved, you can do it from your spec
// jasmine 2.0
// Spy + Promise Mocking
// spyOn(obj, 'method'), (assumes obj.method is a function)
spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.returnValue(deferred.promise);
/*
To mock $http as a dependency, use $httpBackend to
setup HTTP calls and expectations.
*/
$httpBackend.whenGET('/cats').respond(200, mockCatsData);
}));
afterEach(function() {
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
})
it(' exists/is defined', function() {
expect( cats.getAllCats ).toBeDefined();
expect( typeof cats.getAllCats ).toEqual("function");
});
it(' returns an array of Cats, where each cat has a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
var names = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
var titles = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
var scores = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.score; })
expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
})
});
})
describe('has a method: getAllCats() that also logs', function() {
var cats, $log, logging;
beforeEach(inject(
function(_$log_, $injector) {
cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
$log = _$log_;
logging = $injector.get('LoggingService');
spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.callThrough();
}
))
it('that on SUCCESS, $logs to the console a success message', function() {
cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
expect(logging.write).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect( $log.log.logs ).toContain(["CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!"]);
})
});
})
});
BEARBEITEN
Basierend auf einigen Kommentaren habe ich meine Antwort etwas komplexer aktualisiert und mir auch einen Plunkr ausgedacht, der Unit-Tests demonstriert. In einem der Kommentare wurde insbesondere erwähnt: "Was ist, wenn der Dienst eines Controllers selbst eine einfache Abhängigkeit aufweist, z. B. $ log?" - was im Beispiel mit Testfällen enthalten ist. Ich hoffe es hilft! Teste oder hacke den Planeten !!!
https://embed.plnkr.co/aSPHnr/