Konvertieren Sie einen Datumsbereich in eine Intervallbeschreibung

In einem kürzlich durchgeführten Projekt musste angegeben werden, wann eine Ressource vollständig verbraucht ist. Neben dem Datum des Erschöpfungskalenders wurde ich gebeten, die verbleibende Zeit im englischen Format anzuzeigen, etwa "1 Jahr, noch 3 Monate".

Die eingebaute DATEDIFFFunktion

Gibt die Anzahl ... der angegebenen Datumsgrenzen zurück, die zwischen dem angegebenen Start- und Enddatum überschritten wurden.

Bei unverändertem Gebrauch kann dies zu irreführenden oder verwirrenden Ergebnissen führen. Wenn Sie beispielsweise ein Intervall von JAHR verwenden, werden 1999-12-31 (JJJJ-MM-TT) und 2000-01-01 ein Jahr voneinander entfernt sein, während der gesunde Menschenverstand sagen würde, dass diese Daten nur um einen Tag voneinander getrennt sind. Umgekehrt wird die Verwendung eines Intervalls von TAG 1999-12-31 und 2010-12-31 durch 4.018 Tage getrennt, während die meisten Menschen "11 Jahre" als bessere Beschreibung ansehen würden.

Ausgehend von der Anzahl der Tage und der Berechnung von Monaten und Jahren wäre es anfällig, Fehler in Jahr und Monatsgröße zu überspringen.

Ich habe mich gefragt, wie dies in den verschiedenen SQL-Dialekten implementiert werden kann. Beispielausgabe umfasst:

create table TestData(
    FromDate date not null,
    ToDate date not null,
    ExpectedResult varchar(100) not null); -- exact formatting is unimportant

insert TestData (FromDate, ToDate, ExpectedResult)
values ('1999-12-31', '1999-12-31', '0 days'),
       ('1999-12-31', '2000-01-01', '1 day'),
       ('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01', '1 month'),
       ('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01', '1 month'),              -- month length not important
       ('2000-01-28', '2000-02-29', '1 month, 1 day'),       -- leap years to be accounted for
       ('2000-01-01', '2000-12-31', '11 months, 30 days'),
       ('2000-02-28', '2000-03-01', '2 days'),
       ('2001-02-28', '2001-03-01', '1 day'),                -- not a leap year
       ('2000-01-01', '2001-01-01', '1 year'),
       ('2000-01-01', '2011-01-01', '11 years'),
       ('9999-12-30', '9999-12-31', '1 day'),                -- catch overflow in date calculations
       ('1900-01-01', '9999-12-31', '8099 years 11 months 30 days');  -- min(date) to max(date)

Ich verwende zufällig SQL Server 2008R2, bin aber interessiert zu erfahren, wie andere Dialekte damit umgehen würden.

Die folgende Lösung gilt für SQL Server. Der Ansatz ist dem von Serg insofern ähnlich , als die Abfrage nur die Funktionen DATEADD und DATEDIFF verwendet. Negative Intervalle ( FromDate > ToDate ) werden jedoch nicht berücksichtigt , und es werden Jahre und Monate aus der gesamten Monatsdifferenz abgeleitet :

WITH
  MonthDiff AS
  (
    SELECT
      t.FromDate,
      t.ToDate,
      t.ExpectedResult,
      Months = x.Months - CASE WHEN DAY(t.FromDate) > DAY(t.ToDate) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
    FROM
      dbo.TestData AS t
      CROSS APPLY (SELECT DATEDIFF(MONTH, t.FromDate, t.ToDate)) AS x (Months)
  )
SELECT
  t.FromDate,
  t.ToDate,
  t.ExpectedResult,
  Result = ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(x.Years  + CASE x.Years  WHEN '1' THEN ' year '  ELSE ' years '  END, '')
                       + ISNULL(x.Months + CASE x.Months WHEN '1' THEN ' month ' ELSE ' months ' END, '')
                       + ISNULL(x.Days   + CASE x.Days   WHEN '1' THEN ' day '   ELSE ' days '   END, ''), ''), '0 days')
FROM
  MonthDiff AS t
  CROSS APPLY
  (
    SELECT
      CAST(NULLIF(t.Months / 12, 0) AS varchar(10)),
      CAST(NULLIF(t.Months % 12, 0) AS varchar(10)),
      CAST(NULLIF(DATEDIFF(DAY, DATEADD(MONTH, t.Months, t.FromDate), t.ToDate), 0) AS varchar(10))
  ) AS x (Years, Months, Days)
;

Ausgabe:

FromDate    ToDate      ExpectedResult                 Result
----------  ----------  -----------------------------  -----------------------------
1999-12-31  1999-12-31  0 days                         0 days
1999-12-31  2000-01-01  1 day                          1 day 
2000-01-01  2000-02-01  1 month                        1 month 
2000-02-01  2000-03-01  1 month                        1 month 
2000-01-28  2000-02-29  1 month, 1 day                 1 month 1 day 
2000-01-01  2000-12-31  11 months, 30 days             11 months 30 days 
2000-02-28  2000-03-01  2 days                         2 days 
2001-02-28  2001-03-01  1 day                          1 day 
2000-01-01  2001-01-01  1 year                         1 year 
2000-01-01  2011-01-01  11 years                       11 years 
9999-12-30  9999-12-31  1 day                          1 day 
1900-01-01  9999-12-31  8099 years 11 months 30 days   8099 years 11 months 30 days 

Diese Antwort zeigt eine Implementierung mit einer SQL Server (2005+) CLR-Funktion.

-- Enable CLR (if necessary)
EXECUTE sys.sp_configure 
    @configname = 'clr enabled',
    @configvalue = 1;

RECONFIGURE;

Montage und Funktion

CREATE ASSEMBLY DBA
AUTHORIZATION dbo
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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.IntervalDescription
(
    @From date, 
    @To date
)
RETURNS nvarchar(100)
AS EXTERNAL NAME 
    DBA.UserDefinedFunctions.IntervalDescription;

Verwendung

SELECT 
    TD.FromDate,
    TD.ToDate,
    TD.ExpectedResult, 
    IntervalDescription = dbo.IntervalDescription(TD.FromDate, TD.ToDate) 
FROM dbo.TestData AS TD;

Ergebnis

Quelle

_{Ich bin kein C # -Programmierer!}

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System;
using System.Text;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
    [SqlFunction
        (
        DataAccess = DataAccessKind.None,
        SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.None,
        IsDeterministic = true,
        IsPrecise = true,
        Name = "IntervalDescription"
        )
    ]
    [return: SqlFacet(IsFixedLength = false, IsNullable = false, MaxSize = 100)]
    public static string IntervalDescription(DateTime From, DateTime To)
    {
        var workDate = From;
        int years = To.Year - From.Year;
        int months = 0;
        int days = 0;

        if (years != 0)
        {
            if (From.Month > To.Month || (From.Month == To.Month && From.Day > To.Day))
            {
                years--;
            }
            workDate = workDate.AddYears(years);
        }

        while (workDate < To && (workDate.Year != DateTime.MaxValue.Year || workDate.Month != DateTime.MaxValue.Month))
        {
            if (workDate.AddMonths(1) <= To)
            {
                months++;
                workDate = workDate.AddMonths(1);
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        while (workDate < To)
        {
            days++;
            workDate = workDate.AddDays(1);
        }

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);

        if (years > 0)
        {
            sb.Append(years);
            sb.Append(years == 1 ? " year" : " years");
            sb.Append((months > 0 || days > 0) ? ", " : string.Empty);
        }

        if (months > 0)
        {
            sb.Append(months);
            sb.Append(months == 1 ? " month" : " months");
            sb.Append(days > 0 ? ", " : string.Empty);
        }

        if (days > 0 || (years == 0 && months == 0))
        {
            sb.Append(days);
            sb.Append(days == 1 ? " day" : " days");
        }

        return
            sb.ToString();

    }
}

Meine Version, implementiert in SQL Server 2008R2 SP2.

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ReadableInterval(
    @FromDate AS date,
    @ToDate AS date
)
RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN 
(
with YearStep as
(
    select
        max(n1.Number) as YearNumber
    from dbo.Numbers as n1
    where n1.Number <= DATEDIFF(YEAR, @FromDate, @ToDate)  -- see comment (A)
    and DATEADD(YEAR, n1.Number, @FromDate) <= @ToDate     -- see comment (B)
)
, MonthStep as
(
    select
        max(n2.Number) as MonthNumber
    from dbo.Numbers as n2
    cross apply YearStep as y1
    where n2.Number <= DATEDIFF(MONTH, DATEADD(YEAR, y1.YearNumber, @FromDate), @ToDate)
    and DATEADD(MONTH, n2.Number, DATEADD(YEAR, y1.YearNumber, @FromDate)) <= @ToDate
)
, DayStep as
(
    select
        DATEDIFF(day, DATEADD(MONTH, m1.MonthNumber, DATEADD(YEAR, y2.YearNumber, @FromDate)), @ToDate) as DayNumber
    from MonthStep as m1
    cross apply YearStep as y2
)
select
    y.YearNumber,
    m.MonthNumber,
    d.DayNumber
from YearStep as y
cross apply MonthStep as m
cross apply DayStep as d
)

Mit den angegebenen Testdaten sind die Ergebnisse

select
    td.FromDate,
    td.ToDate,
    td.ExpectedResult,
    ri.YearNumber as Years,
    ri.MonthNumber as Months,
    ri.DayNumber as [Days]
from dbo.TestData as td
cross apply dbo.ReadableInterval(td.FromDate, td.ToDate) as ri;

FromDate   ToDate     ExpectedResult               Years Months Days
---------- ---------- ---------------------------- ----- ------ ----
1999-12-31 1999-12-31 0 days                           0      0    0
1999-12-31 2000-01-01 1 day                            0      0    1
2000-01-01 2000-02-01 1 month                          0      1    0
2000-02-01 2000-03-01 1 month                          0      1    0
2000-01-28 2000-02-29 1 month, 1 day                   0      1    1
2000-01-01 2000-12-31 11 months, 30 days               0     11   30
2000-02-28 2000-03-01 2 days                           0      0    2
2001-02-28 2001-03-01 1 day                            0      0    1
2000-01-01 2001-01-01 1 year                           1      0    0
2000-01-01 2011-01-01 11 years                        11      0    0
9999-12-30 9999-12-31 1 day                            0      0    1
1900-01-01 9999-12-31 8099 years 11 months 30 days  8099     11   30

Erläuterung

Mein allgemeiner Ansatz ist es, vom früheren Datum an voranzukommen, zuerst in Jahren, dann in Monaten, dann in Tagen. Auf jeder Granularitätsstufe besteht das Ziel darin, dem Enddatum so nahe wie möglich zu kommen, ohne es zu überschreiten, und dann auf der nächstniedrigeren Ebene fortzufahren.

Ich verwende eine Zahlentabelle , um die Berechnung zu erleichtern, die fast, aber nicht zu hoch ist. Aus dieser Tabelle und DATEADDich kann die größte Anzahl von Jahren / Monaten / Tagen vor ToDate- Kommentar (B) im Code finden.

Da ich nach der MAX-Nummer gesucht habe und meine Numbers-Tabelle darauf gruppiert ist, führte der Optimierer einen absteigenden Scan durch und gab DATEADD Werte ein. Dies verursachte Datumsüberlauffehler, da Numbers über 100.000 Zeilen enthält.DATEADD(YEAR, 100000, @FromDate)ist größer als 9999-12-31 und ein Fehler wird ausgelöst. Prädikat (A) gibt eine Obergrenze für den Zahlenwert an, ab dem der Rückwärtsscan beginnt, um den Datumsüberlauf zu vermeiden. Folglich durchläuft der Abfrageplan selbst sehr große Datumsbereiche nur sehr wenige Zeilen.

Dieser Ansatz wird verwendet, um Jahre und Monate zu finden, außer dass der Ausgangspunkt für Monate durch die Anzahl der Jahre vorgezogen wird, die ich im ersten CTE gefunden habe. DAYS ist meine niedrigste Granularität, daher reicht ein einfaches DATEDIFF aus.

Dies kann auf eine feinere Granularität ausgedehnt werden, wobei das Intervall bei Bedarf in Stunden, Minuten und Sekunden zurückgegeben wird.

PostgreSQL unterstützt die sofort einsatzbereite ageFunktion:

select
  FromDate,
  ToDate,
  ExpectedResult,
  age(ToDate, FromDate)
from TestData;

Dies ergibt das gewünschte Ergebnis, einige zusätzliche Zeitwerte geben oder nehmen.

FromDate      ToDate        ExpectedResult                  age
----------    ----------    ----------------------------    --------------------------
1999-12-31    1999-12-31    0 days                          00:00:00
1999-12-31    2000-01-01    1 day                           1 day
2000-01-01    2000-02-01    1 month                         1 mon
2000-02-01    2000-03-01    1 month                         1 mon
2000-01-28    2000-02-29    1 month, 1 day                  1 mon 1 day
2000-01-01    2000-12-31    11 months, 30 days              11 mons 30 days
2000-02-28    2000-03-01    2 days                          2 days
2001-02-28    2001-03-01    1 day                           1 day
2000-01-01    2001-01-01    1 year                          1 year
2000-01-01    2011-01-01    11 years                        11 years
9999-12-30    9999-12-31    1 day                           1 day
1900-01-01    9999-12-31    8099 years 11 months 30 days    8099 years 11 mons 30 days

Version ohne numberTabelle oder Abrechnung erforderlich. Gibt das gleiche Ergebnis für die Testdaten von Michael Green. Sie unterscheiden sich in Daten wo @FromDate > @ToDate. ReadableInterval2Gibt negative Werte im Gegensatz zu Nullen zurück.

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ReadableInterval2(
    @FromDate AS date,
    @ToDate AS date
)
RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN 
(with checkData as (
    select 
       fromDate = case when @FromDate > @ToDate then @ToDate else @FromDate end,
       toDate = case when @FromDate <= @ToDate then @ToDate else @FromDate end,
       k = case when @FromDate > @ToDate then -1 else 1 end
), MonthStep as (
    select k, FromDate, ToDate,
        YearNumber = x.months / 12,
        MonthNumber = x.months % 12
    from checkdata
    cross apply(
        select months = DATEDIFF(MONTH, FromDate, ToDate)
            - case when DAY(FromDate) > DAY(ToDate) then 1 else 0 end
        ) x
)
select YearNumber = k*YearNumber, 
      MonthNumber = k*MonthNumber,
      DayNumber = k*DATEDIFF(day, DATEADD(MONTH, MonthNumber, DATEADD(YEAR, YearNumber, FromDate)), ToDate) 
    from MonthStep 
)