Wie konvertiere ich Steuerzeichen in MySQL von latin1 nach UTF-8?

Beim Konvertieren einer Datenbank in UTF-8 ist mir ein merkwürdiges Verhalten in Bezug auf die Steuerzeichen 0x80-0x9F aufgefallen. Zum Beispiel würde 0x92 (rechter Apostroph) nicht in UTF-8 konvertiert und der Rest des Inhalts einer Spalte mit dieser Methode abgeschnitten:

CREATE TABLE `bar` (
 `content` text
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

INSERT INTO bar VALUES (0x8081828384858687898A8B8C8D8E8F909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

SELECT content FROM bar;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| content                                                                         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| €‚ƒ„…†‡‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ                                                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

ALTER TABLE bar CHANGE content content TEXT CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 1

SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                                             |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1366 | Incorrect string value: '\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85...' for column 'content' at row 1 |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

SELECT * FROM bar;
+---------+
| content |
+---------+
|         |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

Während normalerweise 0x80-0x9F in Latin1 nicht erlaubt ist, scheint MySQL anders damit umzugehen:

Latin1 von MySQL entspricht dem Windows-Zeichensatz cp1252. Dies bedeutet, dass es mit der offiziellen ISO 8859-1 oder IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) latin1 identisch ist, außer dass IANA latin1 die Codepunkte zwischen 0x80 und 0x9f als „undefiniert“ behandelt, während cp1252 und damit latS1 von MySQL Zeichen zuweisen für diese Positionen. [src]

MySQL kann den obigen Wertebereich jedoch nicht von seinem latein1-Zeichensatz in seinen UTF-8-Zeichensatz konvertieren.

Diese Zeichen werden durch Kopieren / Einfügen aus einem Word-Dokument (cp1252) in meine Datenbank aufgenommen, und obwohl ich möglicherweise einen Weg gefunden habe, die Anwendung dazu zu bringen, die richtigen UTF-8-Werte für neue Einträge zu erzwingen, muss ich sicherstellen, dass die alten abgerufen werden richtig konvertiert.

Gibt es in MySQL eine Möglichkeit, diese in das UTF-8-Äquivalent zu konvertieren, ohne jede Zeile jeder Textspalte durchzugehen und durch eine ASCII-freundliche Version zu ersetzen?

Ich bin nicht sicher. Ich habe versucht, Ihr Problem zu reproduzieren, aber die Änderung hat für mich gut funktioniert.

test > CREATE TABLE `bar` (  `content` text ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;  INSERT INTO bar VALUES (0x8081828384858687898A8B8C8D8E8F909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

test > ALTER TABLE bar CHANGE content content TEXT CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

test > select * from bar;
+---------------------------------+
| content                         |
+---------------------------------+
| ����������������������������� |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

test > set names utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

test > select * from bar;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| content                                                                         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| €‚ƒ„…†‡‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Hier sind meine verwandten Zeicheneinstellungen

test > show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

Bearbeiten

Meine Zeicheneinstellungen vor dem Ausführen von Set-Namen utf8

test > show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Ausführung

test > select version();
+-------------------------+
| version()               |
+-------------------------+
| 5.1.41-3ubuntu12.10-log |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Möglicherweise müssen Sie den Zeichensatz in cp1250 konvertieren, bevor Sie die Daten laden.

Ich habe das zuerst ausgeführt

mysql> show character set like 'cp%';
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description               | Default collation | Maxlen |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------+--------+
| cp850   | DOS West European         | cp850_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp1250  | Windows Central European  | cp1250_general_ci |      1 |
| cp866   | DOS Russian               | cp866_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp852   | DOS Central European      | cp852_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp1251  | Windows Cyrillic          | cp1251_general_ci |      1 |
| cp1256  | Windows Arabic            | cp1256_general_ci |      1 |
| cp1257  | Windows Baltic            | cp1257_general_ci |      1 |
| cp932   | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci |      2 |
+---------+---------------------------+-------------------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

cp1252 existiert hier nicht. Der nächste ist cp1250.

Versuchen Sie diese Sequenz:

drop database if exists dtest;
create database dtest;
use dtest
set names cp1250;
CREATE TABLE `bar` ( 
 `content` text 
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ;
INSERT INTO bar VALUES (0x8081828384858687898A8B8C8D8E8F909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F); 
SELECT content FROM bar; 
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
set names utf8;
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
ALTER TABLE bar CHANGE content content TEXT CHARACTER SET UTF8; 
SELECT content FROM bar; 

und sehen, was passiert.

Ich habe dies in MySQL 5.5.19 unter Linux bekommen

mysql> drop database if exists dtest;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database dtest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use dtest
Database changed
mysql> set names cp1250;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `bar` (
    ->  `content` text
    -> ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO bar VALUES (0x8081828384858687898A8B8C8D8E8F909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT content FROM bar;
+---------------------------------+
| content                         |
+---------------------------------+
| ??

??????                      |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | cp1250                     |
| character_set_connection | cp1250                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | cp1250                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set names utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE bar CHANGE content content TEXT CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT content FROM bar;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| content                                                                         |
+---------------------ŽÂÂâââââ---------------------------------------------------+
| â¬ÂâÆââ¦â â¡â°Å â¹Å         ¢Å¡âºÅÂ
                                      +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

und ich habe dies in MySQL 5.5.12 für Windows auf meinem Windows 7-Computer erhalten

mysql> drop database if exists dtest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database dtest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> use dtest
Database changed
mysql> set names cp1250;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE `bar` (
    ->  `content` text
    -> ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO bar VALUES (0x8081828384858687898A8B8C8D8E8F909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT content FROM bar;
+---------------------------------+
| content                         |
+---------------------------------+
| Ç?é?äàåçëèï??Ä??æÆôöòûù?ÖÜ¢??₧? |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                           |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | cp1250                          |
| character_set_connection | cp1250                          |
| character_set_database   | latin1                          |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                          |
| character_set_results    | cp1250                          |
| character_set_server     | latin1                          |
| character_set_system     | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | C:\MySQL_5.5.12\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set names utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                           |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                            |
| character_set_database   | latin1                          |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                            |
| character_set_server     | latin1                          |
| character_set_system     | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | C:\MySQL_5.5.12\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE bar CHANGE content content TEXT CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT content FROM bar;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| content                                                                         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| €‚ƒ„…†‡‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

Versuche es !!!